Infertility: what is it and common causes
What is infertility?
Infertility is when a healthy couple can't conceive. This is called primary infertility if you've never been pregnant and secondary infertility if you've conceived in the past, but are having problems getting pregnant now.
Few couples are completely infertile. Most are subfertile, which means they have problems making a baby together, but it is possible with medical intervention. Although fertility treatment, such as IVF, offers hope for many couples, success rates are fairly low, and you may need many attempts before getting pregnant. Unfortunately, some couples will never succeed.
Common causes of infertility in women
About 50% of infertility cases happen because of problems with the woman's fertility.
Ovulation problems and releasing eggs account for about 30% of infertility problems. You can stop ovulating because of medical conditions such as an early menopause, hormone problems, ovarian cysts, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Being overweight or underweight can affect your hormone balance and ovulation, as can too much exercise. Some medication and drugs, such as cannabis, can interfere with egg production as can herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.
Implanting problems: sometimes the egg is released from the ovary successfully but doesn't implant in the womb. This can be due to of pelvic inflammatory disease where an infection damages the fallopian tubes. Scarring can then block the egg from getting through to the womb. Large cysts or fibroids in the womb can stop an egg from implanting too.
Endometriosis is a very common condition that causes 1 in 20 cases of infertility. It's where tissue from the lining of the uterus is found outside the uterus in the pelvic. This can cause scarring and heavy bleeding and affect the ovaries and uterus so affecting your fertility.
Age: older women are less fertile. The chance of a woman conceiving after aged 35 - 39 is about half of women aged 19 - 26.
Common causes of infertility in men
About 20% of infertility cases happen because of a problem with the man's fertility.
Sperm disorders are the most common cause of male infertility. Sperm counts in the average British male have fallen by almost half in the past 60 years. A low sperm count can be caused by a number of factors from illness and side effects of medication to hormone problems. Environmental and lifestyle factors can affect sperm count too, e.g. too much heat to the testes can lower sperm count as can exposure to certain chemicals. Alcohol and drug misuse and some sexually transmitted diseases can also affect sperm count.
Testicle problems some men have problems with sperm production because they have injured or had an infection or tumour of the testes. Some men are born with testes that can't make sperm, or make very little.
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jewels, 8 months [Offensive? Unsuitable? Report this comment.]
Hi, i am 35 and have been through a very hard and emotional time over the last year, thankfully it has now come to an end and myself and my new and very loving partner have decided that we would love a child, i have two teenage daughters one who is 15 and the other who is 18 this year, my fear is that i keep being told and keep reading how difficult it is to get pregnant after 35 and i suppose i just want some reassurance, i have very heavy periods and hope that this is not an issue, i am thinking of going for a checkup with my doctor but feel a bit silly as realistically we have only been trying for 2 months, any advice would be great