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Use TV shows or newspaper stories to trigger discussions on safe sex and love. Acknowledge that sex can be wonderful. But teenagers also need to know that they can say 'no', even if a boyfriend or girlfriend is emotionally blackmailing them. They also need the facts about the risks of sex, both physically and emotionally.

Talking to girls is frequently easier than boys, and certain stages, such as the arrival of periods and buying a first bra, offer chances for intimate chats. Boys may feel easier accessing information via the net, though, of course, give them the opportunity to chat.

Reputable websites include:

- Brook for advice on sex and contraception
- R U Thinking gives details of local clinics and helplines
- Likeitis offers advice and information.

What's taught in schools

While sex education is on the curriculum, very little of the content is compulsory. All secondary schools must teach pupils about sexually transmitted infections, which includes HIV/AIDs. Physical development should also be covered (though it could be taught in biology lessons), but everything else is left up to the school. So, if you want to find out what is taught, ask the school directly.

More help and advice

- Let's talk about sex: how to bring up the topic with your teen
- What to do if your teenage daughter is pregnant
- Read in-depth information on HIV and AIDS
- Read the facts on STIs
- Worried about your teen's sex life? Share your concerns in Chat

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