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The symptoms of all types of dementia are similar and include the following.

• Memory loss. As a rule, the most recent events are the first forgotten. For example, a person with early stages of dementia might go to the shops and then cannot remember what they wanted. It is common to misplace objects. However, events of the past are often remembered well until the dementia is severe. Many people with dementia can talk about their childhood and early life. As things progress, sometimes memory loss for recent events is severe and the person may appear to be 'living in the past'. They may think of themselves as young and not recognise their true age.
• Disorientation. New surroundings and new people may confuse a person with dementia. However, in familiar places, and with old routines, the person may function well. This is why some people with mild dementia cope well in their own home. Losing track of time is also typical. For example, not knowing if it is morning or afternoon, or what day it is.
• Poor concentration. Not being able to settle to anything.
• Failing intellect. Even clever people cannot grasp new ideas or learn new skills. For example, how to use a new household gadget.
• Personality changes. At first, being easily irritable or moody may be noticed by family or friends. In some cases, over time, a person with dementia may become quite disinhibited. This means that he or she may say or do things quite out of character. This is often difficult for families and friends to cope with.
• Self care. Without help, some people may not pay much attention to personal hygiene. They may forget to wash or change their clothes.
• Mood. Some people with early dementia recognise that they are failing and become depressed. However, many people with dementia are not aware that they are ill. They may remain cheerful. The distress is often felt more by relatives who may find it difficult to cope.
• Severe dementia. Speech may be lost. Severe physical problems may develop in the later stages of dementia. such as immobility, incontinence, and general frailty.

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