Conditions that are not STIs

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The genitals (vagina and vulva in women, penis in men) can be affected by various other conditions. Some people are confused as to what is and what is not caused by a sexually transmitted infection. For example, the following are not usually due to a sexually transmitted infection:

Thrush. This is an infection caused by a yeast called Candida. Small numbers of Candida commonly live on the skin and around the vaginal area. These are usually harmless. However, when conditions are good for Candida, it multiplies and may invade the vagina and cause symptoms such as a vaginal discharge.
Cystitis (bladder infection).
Bacterial vaginosis. This is a common condition of the vagina. It is caused by an overgrowth of various bacteria that are normally found in the vagina. It is the most common cause of a vaginal discharge.

What are the symptoms of an STI?

Symptoms of each STI can vary from local symptoms affecting the genitals, to symptoms that affect various other parts of the body. The following is not a full list of all possible symptoms. However, these are the common symptoms to look out for:

A vaginal discharge.
Abnormal vaginal bleeding.
A discharge from the penis.
A sore, ulcer, rash, or lump that appears on the penis or around the vagina, vulva or anus.
Pain when you have sex.

Pain when you pass urine (although the common reason for this is a urine infection and not an STI).
Swelling of the glands in your groin.

But remember, in many cases of STI, no symptoms may develop. However, you can still pass on the infection to others even if you have no symptoms. Therefore, if you think that you may have an STI, it is best to get it checked out.

What should I do if I suspect that I have an STI?

If you have a symptom that you think is due to an STI, or if you have no symptoms but are worried you have caught an STI, then you should see a health professional. You can:

See your own GP. Your GP can give advice and may examine you. However, if your GP suspects that you may have an STI, he or she is likely to refer you to a GUM clinic (genito-urinary medicine clinic). Some GPs may do tests and manage the situation without a referral to a GUM clinic, ...OR
Go to a GUM clinic directly. You do not need a referral from your GP to go to a GUM clinic.

Until you are checked out, and treated if necessary, you should not have sex. This is to prevent you passing on any infection.