Treatment for diabetes, type 2

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Treatment complications

Hypoglycaemia (which is often called a 'hypo') occurs when the level of glucose becomes too low, usually under 4 mmol/l. People with diabetes who take insulin and/or certain diabetes tablets are at risk of having a hypo. A hypo may occur if you have too much diabetes medication, delayed or missed a meal or snack, or have taken part in unplanned exercise or physical activity. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia include: trembling, sweating, anxiety, blurred vision, tingling lips, paleness, mood change, vagueness or confusion. To treat hypoglycaemia: take a sugary drink or some sweets. Then eat a starchy snack such as a sandwich. Note: hypoglycaemia cannot occur if you are treated with diet alone.

What are the aims of treatment?

If a high blood glucose level is brought down to a normal or near normal level, your symptoms will ease and you are likely to feel well again. However, you still have some risk of complications in the long-term if your blood glucose level remains even mildly high - even if you have no symptoms in the short-term. Therefore, the main aims of treatment are:

To keep your blood glucose level as near normal as possible.
To reduce any other 'risk factors' that may increase your risk of developing complications. In particular, to lower your blood pressure if it is high, and to keep your blood lipids (cholesterol) low.
To detect any complications as early as possible. Treatment can prevent or delay some complications from getting worse.