The cause is not known. Some cells of the immune system release chemicals under the skin surface which causes the inflammation. But it is not known why this occurs. Genetic (hereditary) factors play a part. Atopic eczema occurs in about 8 in 10 children where both parents have the condition, and in about 6 in 10 children where one parent has the condition. The precise genetic cause is not clear (which genes are responsible, what effects they have on the skin, etc).

Atopic eczema has become more common in recent years. There are various theories for this. Factors which may play a role include: changes in climate, pollution, allergies to house dust mite or pollens, diet, infections, or other 'early-life factors'. However, there is no proven single cause. There may be a combination of factors in someone who is 'genetically prone to eczema' which causes the immune system to react and cause inflammation in the skin.

The usual treatment consists of three parts:

What is the usual treatment for atopic eczema?

• Avoid irritants to the skin and other 'triggers' wherever possible.
• Emollients (Moisturisers) - use every day to help prevent inflammation developing.
• Topical steroids (steroid creams and ointments) - use when inflammation flares-up.

- Read about some of the treatments for eczema

More help and advice

- Expert advice on eczema
- Read how Debbie coped with her son Cian's eczema
- Read more about baby skincare
- How socks can help stop the itching

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