• Heart disease. A recent research study suggested that HRT may cause a slight increased risk of developing heart disease. The research study looked at one type of HRT. So, although the picture is still unclear for other brands, it is likely that there is a small increased risk for all types of HRT. The study estimated that in every 10,000 HRT users, there is an extra 8 heart 'events' (heart attack, etc) per year compared to 10,000 non-users.

• Cancer of the uterus (womb). The increased risk is much reduced by taking the progestogen part of the HRT. This is the reason why progestogen is included in HRT. See your doctor if you have any abnormal vaginal bleeding which develops after starting HRT. For example, heavy bleeding, irregular bleeding, or bleeding after having sex.

• Cancer of the ovary. There is a slight increased risk of developing this cancer if you use oestrogen-only HRT for more than 5 years.

• Dementia. HRT users may have a slightly increased risk of developing dementia.

So, there is a small but definite increased risk of serious illness when using HRT.

Note: your risk of developing the diseases mentioned above depend on many factors. For example, your family history, and lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, diet, etc. You can greatly reduce your risk of developing heart disease and stroke by not smoking, taking regular exercise, and eating a healthy diet. These conditions become more common anyway with advancing age. But, if you take HRT this is now another factor to consider.

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