Treatments for constipation part 3
Stimulant laxatives
These stimulate the nerves in the large bowel (the colon and rectum, sometimes also called the large intestine). This then causes the muscle in the wall of the large bowel to squeeze harder than usual. This pushes the faeces along and out. Stimulant laxatives include senna, bisacodyl, and dantron. Their effect is within 8-12 hours. Therefore, a bedtime dose is recommended so you are likely to feel the urge to go to the toilet sometime the following morning. Stimulant laxative suppositories act more quickly (within 20-60 minutes). Possible side-effects from stimulant laxatives include abdominal cramps, and a 'weakened' bowel ('lazy bowel') with long-term use.
Osmotic laxatives
Osmotic laxatives
These work by retaining fluid in the large bowel by osmosis (so less fluid is absorbed into the bloodstream from the large bowel). A commonly used one is called lactulose. However, this can take up to two days to have any effect so it is not suitable for the rapid relief of constipation. Possible side-effects of lactulose include abdominal pain and bloating. Some people find the taste of lactulose unpleasant. Another osmotic laxative is called polyethylene glycol (trade name Movicol). This usually has a rapid action.
Faecal softeners
These work by 'wetting' and softening the faeces. The most commonly used is docusate sodium (which also has a weak stimulant action too). Bulk-forming laxatives also have some faecal-softening properties. Liquid paraffin used to be commonly used as a faecal softener. However, it is now not recommended as it may cause side-effects such as seeping from the anus and irritating the skin, and it can interfere with the absorption of some vitamins from the gut.
Other treatments
Constipation is usually helped by the above treatments. Sometimes, an enema is needed in severe cases. Other treatments may be advised by a specialist for people with severe constipation who have not been helped by the treatments listed above.
© EMIS and PIP 2005 Updated: November 2005 PRODIGY Validated
Average rating:
