Under the microscope: Menopause

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Each week we look more closely at the most common health conditions.

This week, we're focusing on the menopause...

What is the menopause?

Menopause is the name given to the end of menstruation. It basically means your body stops producing eggs, as your levels of oestrogen and progesterone drop and your periods stops too. It can be a very emotionally and physically-demanding time for women.

What are the symptoms of the menopause?

The symptoms of the menopause actually occur during a phase called the peri-menopause - the period leading up to the menopause. Around 80% of women will have physical symptoms of the menopause and around half will find them difficult to cope with.
- Hot flushes/night sweats
- Disturbed sleep
- Vaginal itching or dryness
- Bladder problems, such as cystitis
- Aches and pains

Emotional symptoms are also common and include:
- Depression
- Panic attacks
- Loss of libido
- Poor memory and concentration

When does the menopause happen?

It's difficult to predict when the menopause will happen. It can start as early as 35, or as late as 60, but most women reach the menopause around the age of 45-55.

What causes the menopause?

Menopause happens because the levels of the hormone oestrogen begin to fall. Oestrogen controls menstruation.

How do I know if I've reached the menopause?

A woman is said to have reached the menopause once she has not had a period for a year.

Many women will notice their period getting further and further apart and lasting less time. However, some women's periods become heavier and with a shorter gap.

For some women periods just stop suddenly without warning.

There is no specific test to prove you have reached the peri-menopause or menopause. Most doctors will be able to diagnose you by your age, symptoms and whether or not you're still having periods.

How is the menopause treated?

Only around 10% of women actually ask for treatment. The most common treatment for the menopause is Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). HRT treats many of the most common symptoms, such as night sweats, vaginal dryness and bladder infections.

There are potential risks linked with HRT and it's important that you talk things through with your doctor thoroughly before deciding to take it.

Some women choose to treat individual symptoms of menopause separately.

How long will the menopause last?

For most women the menopause will last no longer than 2 years, but in some cases symptoms can continue for up to 6 years.

Are there any other risks?

One common risk of the menopause is a higher risk of heart disease and osteoporosis. This is because you no longer have the levels of oestrogen in your body to fight these conditions.

If you have a family history of either of these, it's important to talk to your doctor, who can arrange a scan to check for them.

- Read last week's Under the microscope: Slapped cheek