Who gets ectopic pregnancy?

About 1 in 100 pregnancies in the UK are ectopic. Ectopic pregnancy can occur in any sexually active woman. However, the chance is higher than average in the following 'at-risk' groups.

• If you have already had an ectopic pregnancy you have about a 1 in 10 chance that a future pregnancy will be ectopic.
• If you have kinking, scarring, damage, or other abnormality of a fallopian tube. This is because a fertilised egg may become 'stuck' in the tube more easily. For example:

*If you have had previous infection of the uterus or fallopian tube (pelvic infection). Infection can cause some scarring. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are common causes of pelvic infection. If you have had a previous pelvic infection, you have about a 1 in 10 chance that a pregnancy will be ectopic.
*Tubal tie (sterilisation). Pregnancy is rare as this is a very effective method of contraception. If a pregnancy does occur then about 1 in 20 are ectopic.
*Any surgery to a fallopian tube or nearby structures.
*If you have endometriosis (a condition of the uterus and surrounding area).

• If you use a progestogen releasing Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD). Again, pregnancy is rare as this is an effective method of contraception.
• If you are using assisted conception (some types of infertility treatments).
• The risk of ectopic pregnancy increases the older you are when you become pregnant.

If you are in any of the above groups, see a doctor as soon as you think you may be pregnant. Tests can detect pregnancy as early as 7-8 days after fertilisation.

How is ectopic pregnancy confirmed?

If you have symptoms that may indicate an ectopic pregnancy you will usually be admitted to hospital immediately.

• A urine test can confirm that you are pregnant.
• An ultrasound scan may confirm an ectopic pregnancy. However, the scan may not be clear if the pregnancy is very early. A few days of observation may be needed if symptoms are not severe. A repeat scan a few days later may clarify the site of the pregnancy.
• Blood tests that show changes in the pregnancy hormones are also helpful.
• A look inside the abdomen with a special telescope (laparoscopy) is sometimes advised to confirm an ectopic pregnancy.