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Symptoms start in the first 3 years of life. It usually develops from birth (about 4 in 5 cases). In about 1 in 5 cases there is a period of normal development first before symptoms begin. There are four different groups of symptoms, all of which usually occur in children with autism.
Social difficulties
There are different types of problems and not all will occur in each case. These can generally be described as an "not being able to get on with people". So the child may:
- seem to be aloof and rather 'stuck up'.
- have little or no interest in other people.
- have no real friends.
- not understand other people's emotions. For example, not understanding why anyone has got cross with them.
- prefer being alone.
Problems with language and communication
Speech usually develops later than usual. When it does, the language (the use and choice of words) may develop wrongly. The sort of problems that children with autism have include one or more of the following.
- Not be able to express themselves well.
- Not be able to understand gestures, facial expressions, or tone of voice.
- Say odd things. For example, repeating your words back to you, time and time again.
- Use odd phrases and odd choices of words.
- Sometimes use 10 words when 1 would do.
- Make up their own words.
- Not use their hands to make gestures as they speak.
- Not be able to understand difficult commands.
Poor imagination
Imaginative play is limited in children with autism. They tend to do the games and activities that they learn over and over again. Games may remain exactly the same every day. Games are usually those that a younger child would normally play.
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